人教版新教材语文选择性必修一（成长教育迅雷新人教选择性必修一语篇学习)

Unit 1  People of achievement

TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE

屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖（6 October 2015）

This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.

今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有超过2亿人罹患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medicalproperties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.

屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医药文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。她的团队查阅了2000多本古老的医药文献，并对280 000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代疗法，这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。

One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would notacknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found asubstance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.

一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸，并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她再次分析了一遍医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药用价值。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。

According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”

屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”

THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE

改变了我们对宇宙认识的人

Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。

This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.

这位文静的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，1896年进入大学，并于1900年毕业。

After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published fourextraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文，这一年后来被誉为科学史上的奇迹之年。此后，他逐渐以新艾萨克·牛顿闻名于世。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。

Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.

1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大成就。To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends’ birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!”

在公众看来，他看似有点古怪，但很善良又有趣的人。他胡须浓密，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。虽然他是个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事：这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！”On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。

             Unit 2 Looking into the future

SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER智能家居让生活更轻松

Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.

你有没有曾忘记锁门?或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗?这种事情经常发生在我们身上，浪费资源，有时还会导致问题。然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能住宅中。当我们外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门;当我们忘记关电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。这些智能住宅将使我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。

Intelligent Controls智能控制

Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.

今天，我们必须使用电灯的开关，电器的旋钮，电视和空调的遥控器。在未来，我们每天都会使用先进技术对家中几乎所有东西进行自动化控制。未来的家庭将使用集成的传感器来告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。你将不再需要考虑自己打开和关闭开关。你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。并且你会发现你的晚餐已经为你准备好了。所有的控制都会响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。

Regular Health Checks定期健康检查

In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.

此外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质量。它也会检查你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题，它会向你的手机发送警告。它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。智能马桶也会持续记录你的健康状况。如果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。

No More Disasters没有更多的灾难

Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.

智能家居将能够防止事故造成的严重损害。例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。这样，你就能在房子被水淹或着火之前解决这个问题。This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.

这种智能技术不是幻想。许多这样的新发明已经可以使用，并在一些家庭中使用。从这种意义上来讲，明天的家已经是今天的家了。然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。

SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?我们应该抵制新技术吗?

This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.

今天早上，我看到了一个令人震惊的标题：“无人驾驶模式下的车祸导致乘客死亡”。在这篇文章中，很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们应该停止仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。该报报道称，该汽车公司已经就这次事故道歉，但死者家属表示这还不够。尽管如此，该公司仍然宣称，不久的将来，大多数人将乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。

On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.

一方面，世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。最著名的可能是阿曼门诺派，一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们没有汽车、不开车，不看电视，也不使用互联网。自18世纪以来，他们主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们可能也会以同样的方式生活。他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。他们认为这比关心奢侈品或追随富人和名人的生活要好。甚至可以说，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更好，因为他们生活在自然环境中，欣赏自然，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。

On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.

另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。例如，最新的天气跟踪计算机程序给人们提供了许多关于潜在自然灾害的警告，这挽救了许多人的生命。此外，互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。它还让人们更容易在生活中寻找机会，因为它让人们通过使用社交媒体结交更多的朋友。

Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.

就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益匪浅。我通过一个社交媒体网络找到了我作为AI设计师的职业生涯。我一直戴着健康监测器，它也帮助我进入了最佳状态。当然，当新技术改变了我们的生活方式，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化积极的一面，接受它，而不是抵制它。

Unit 3 Fascinating parks

SAREK NATIONAL PARK—

EUROPE’S HIDDEN NATURAL TREASURE

萨勒克国家公园——欧洲隐藏的自然宝藏

 A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps

I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7: 30 a.m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. I’m in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns.

风噼里啪啦地拍打着我的帐篷，我在这声音中醒来。即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上还是晚上。我在北极圈上方，夏天太阳永不落山。我看了看手表，发现已经是早上7：30。我离开帐篷，走到山边。拉帕河的支流在我面前展开，流经下面的山谷。我身处瑞典北端遥远的萨勒克国家公园，一个既没有道路也没有城镇的地方。

 A Land of Mountain and Ice

Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vastsheets of ice. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development is banned within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.

萨勒克的山脉曾经被巨大的冰层覆盖。大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100条冰川。不久之后，驯鹿来到这里。在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家落户。到达这里相当困难，所以除了萨米人以外，很少有人见过萨勒克。1909年，萨勒克被列为国家公园，以保持该土地的自然状态。虽然萨米人被允许在公园里继续他们的传统生活方式，但其他人不可以在这里生活，公园范围内的一切新开发项目都被禁止了。在山谷的另一边，可以看到一座古老的萨米人小屋。附近，有几只驯鹿在草地上觅食。

Man at Peace with Nature

For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. They used the reindeer’s meat for food, their bones for tools, and their skin for making clothes and tents. Since reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern life just like their neighbours. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I’ve adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my tent.

数百年来，照顾驯鹿一直是萨米人的生活方式。他们用驯鹿肉做食物，用鹿骨做工具，用鹿皮做衣服和帐篷。由于驯鹿总在移动，萨米人会收拾他们的帐篷并一路陪伴它们。如今，大多数萨米人在萨勒克附近的村庄有房子，并且与他们邻居一样过着现代化的生活。但每年春天，仍有少数萨米人跟随他们的驯鹿进入萨勒克山谷，住在帐篷或旧农舍里，享受他们的传统。我不是萨米人，但在萨勒克，我已经接受了他们的一些习惯。例如，今天早上，我的早餐是在火上烤的扁面包，驯鹿肉干，还有一些我在帐篷附近找到的酸甜浆果。 A Land of Adventure

After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. Since I must carry all of my food and supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms. If today is anything like yesterday, it will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and enjoying this great adventure. What could be better?

早餐过后，我收拾行李，再次出发。由于我必须随身携带所有的食物和用品，我的包大概有30公斤重。如果今天和昨天差不多，那将会充满汗水和艰辛，因为我要徒步跨越这片地形艰险的土地，到达峡谷另一端的目的地。但是，我不能抱怨。身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感到活着是幸运的。我独自一人在这广阔的天空下，呼吸着新鲜的空气，享受着这伟大的冒险。还有什么能比这更好的?

THEME PARKS

主题公园

FUN AND MORE THAN FUN

是娱乐，又不仅仅是娱乐

Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with different parks for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies, history, and so on. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing famous sights and sounds. Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!

你喜欢参观哪一个主题公园呢?主题公园有不同的种类，不同的公园有不同的主题，几乎囊括了一切：食物，文化、科学、卡通、电影、历史等等。有一些主题公园因为有最大或者最长的过山车而闻名，有些则展示了著名的声音和视觉景象。无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返!

The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, which can be found in several parts of the world. Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and make your childhood dreams come true. Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship, or meeting an adorable fairy tale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting rides to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary free-fall drops. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!

你最熟悉的主题公园很可能就是迪斯尼乐园吧，世界上好几个地方都有迪斯尼乐园。迪斯尼会把你带到魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变为现实。在迪士尼乐园游览时，在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物都是可能的。当你在梦幻乐园漫步时，你可能会在游行队伍中或者街上看到白雪公主或米老鼠。当然，迪斯尼还有很多颇具刺激性的游乐设施供你消遣，比如巨大的吊船和可怕的自由落体(设施)。如果你想尽情娱乐，而且有更多的收获，那就来迪斯尼乐园吧!

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is unique because it shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Famous country music groups put on performances there all year round, indoors and outdoors. People come from all over America to see skilled workers make wood, glass, and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visiting the candy shop and trying some of the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago is a rare experience. Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has a superb old wooden roller coaster, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the longest track in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America’s historical southeastern culture!

位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉中的多莉山，是独特的，因为它展示并欢庆美国东南地区的传统文化。著名的乡村音乐乐团全年都会在露天或室内演出。美国各地的人们来到这里，是为了观看熟练工人用老式的方法制作木制品、玻璃制品和铁制品。到糖果店品尝一下糖果是一种极好的经历，这些糖果和150年前美国南方人制作的一模一样。乘一乘蒸汽火车是一种特殊的待遇，这可是在美国东南部依然运转的唯一一辆蒸汽火车。多莉山为那些喜欢搭乘游乐设施的人提供了最好的老式木制过山车——雷暴云砧。它因为在最小的空间内拥有最长的轨道而闻名于世。来多莉山尽情了解美国东南地区的历史文化吧!

Chimelong Ocean Kingdom in Zhuhai, China, is one of the leading ocean-themed parks in the world. Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium —the world’s largest—and see up to 20, 000 fish, in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in length. Watching the dolphin and sea lion shows is both educational and fun. Of course, you can also see all kinds of interesting animals, including polar bears. The park has more rides than you can imagine: join a water fight against pirates, get turned upside down by an exciting roller coaster, or get wet in one of the water rides! Then at night, see the splendid Journey of Lights Parade and fireworks display. Hungry? The park has plenty of restaurants with tasty food for every appetite —you can even eat while watching the fish swim by. If it is ocean entertainment that you are looking for, come to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom!

中国珠海的长隆海洋王国是世界上领先的海洋主题公园之一。在这里，你可以在世界上最大的鲸鲨水族馆下漫步，除了一条68米长的鲸鲨，还能看到多达2万条鱼。观看海豚和海狮表演，既有教育意义又有乐趣。当然，你还可以看到各种各样有趣的动物，包括北极熊。公园里的游乐设施比你想象的还要多：参加与海盗的水上战斗，在令人兴奋的过山车上翻转，或者在一个水上游乐设施中弄湿自己!然后在晚上，观看精彩的灯光巡游和烟花表演。饿了吗?公园里有很多餐厅，有适合每个人口味的美食——你甚至可以边进餐边观赏鱼游动。如果你正在寻找的是海洋娱乐，那就来长隆海洋王国吧!

Unit 4 Body language

Listening to How Bodies Talk

倾听身体的诉说

We use both words andbody language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. Wecan learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move theirhands can also give us information about their feelings.

在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。通过观察别人的身势语，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。

Just like spokenlanguage, body language varies from cultureto culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a wayto display interest. In other countries, by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of. Forexample, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not sociallypermitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.

就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。例如，在有些国家，眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛——是表现兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，男女不允许在社交场合进行眼神交流。在日本，和年长的人讲话时，目光向下以表示尊敬。

The gesture for “OK” hasdifferent meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think itmeans money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpretit as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making thisgesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.

“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，如果看到另一个人用这个手势，可能认为这意味着钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。但是在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。

Even the gestures we usefor “yes” and “no” differ around theworld. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, thegestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we toucheach other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we actwhen we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kisstheir friends on the cheekwhen theymeet. Elsewhere, people favourshaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when theymeet someone else.

甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的手势，在世界各地也不同。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这两种手势的含义是相反的。差异还表现在我们彼此接触的方式，我们与谈话对象的距离，以及我们见面或告别时的行为。在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。

Some gestures seem tohave the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting themon the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way ofsaying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after ameal.

有些手势似乎在每个地方都有相同的含义。双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。用餐后轻轻用手在胃部转圈表示“我饱了”。

Some body language hasmany different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in aworld of strangers. A smile can breakdown barriers.We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to askfor help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in themirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feelingdown or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a goodfriend.

有些身势语有许多不同的用途。最好的例子也许是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，跟某人打招呼，寻求帮助或者开始对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑来让自己更快乐、更坚强。而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。

How Do I Know My Students?我如何了解我的学生？

As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Many students arequite shy and dont speak all that much. At thesame time, in a classroom of more than forty students, it is hard tohave many one-on-one conversations with each person. So, how can I really knowwhat makes each student tick?

作为一名教育工作者，经常有人问我如何了解学生的思想动态。很多学生都比较腼腆，不怎么说话。同时，在四十多个学生的教室里，很难和每个人进行很多一对一的交谈。那么，如何才能真正了解每个学生的特点呢？

My answer? I look at their bodylanguage

我的答案是什么？我看他们的肢体语言

It is easy to recognise when studentsare interested in a lesson. Most tend to look up and makeeye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about somethingdifficult, they look confused. I know whenstudents are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look atme. People have atendency to leantowards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just countingthe minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their headstogether, they are probably writing notes to each other. Of course, noteveryone who looks up is paying attention in class. Some students look up, butthere is an absence of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression ontheir faces. It is as though they are asleepwith their eyes open.

学生对某堂课感兴趣是很容易识别的。大多数人会抬起头来，进行眼神交流。当我讲笑话时，他们会微笑。当我讲到一些困难的东西时，他们会显得很困惑。然而，我知道什么时候学生真的感兴趣，因为他们会向前倾，看着我。人们有一种倾向，就是对任何他们感兴趣的东西都会往前靠。所以，如果一个学生低着头看表，就意味着他很无聊，只是在计算下课的时间。如果两个朋友的头靠在一起，可能是在给对方写纸条。当然，并不是每个抬头的人都在上课时专心听讲。有些学生抬起头来，但没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上总是带着同样的冷漠表情。就好像他们睁着眼睛在睡觉一样。

Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time lookinganywhere but at me. Then again, some students’ favourite activity isdaydreaming. With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves bystaringout of the window or up at the ceiling.They are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thingis reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class.

一些学生被其他事情逗乐了。他们总是在看任何地方，就是不看我。有些学生最喜欢的活动是做白日梦。他们用手托着下巴，通过盯着窗外或天花板来充实自己。他们当然对某些东西感兴趣，但谁知道是什么呢? 最主要的是提醒分心的学生，他们需要在课堂上专心听讲。

While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students who are angry,afraid, or experiencing anxiety mayhave their arms crossed in front of their chestsand their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Studentswho are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. They may also hidetheir faces in their hands like they are embarrassedor ashamed. Some students actthis way merely because they areafraid of being called on by the teacher. However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyesare red from weeping, then I caninfer that there are deeper issues at work. It could be that she is having seriousconflicts with other students or athome. Whatever it is, I know I need to inquireand assess what is going on.

虽然很容易察觉到学生什么时候感兴趣、无聊或心不在焉，但有时要区分学生什么时候有烦恼就难多了。生气、害怕、焦虑的学生可能会双手交叉在胸前，双腿合拢或交叉，像是在保护自己的身体。悲伤或担忧的学生几乎都会皱着眉头。他们也会用手掩面，像是感到尴尬或羞愧。有些学生之所以有这样的行为，只是因为他们害怕被老师叫住。但是，如果一个学生不屑于梳理自己的头发，而且眼睛哭得通红，那么我可以推断出有更深层次的问题在作祟。可能是她与其他同学或家里发生了严重的矛盾。不管是什么，我知道我需要询问和估算发生了什么。

Ultimately,my duty is helping every student to learn. Their body language lets me knowwhen to adjust class activities,when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can getthe most out of school. Reactingtobody language is an important componentof being a teacher.

最终，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候应该调整课堂活动，什么时候应该干预，什么时候应该与学生单独交谈，这样他们就能从学校得到最大的收获。对肢体语言做出反应是作为一名教师的重要组成部分。

summary

As a teacher,I try to know 1.what each student is thinking by watching their body language.Recognizing whether students are 2.________(interest) in a lesson is easy.Most students tend to look up and make eye contact and sometimes they lean forward and look at me.If a student looks 3.down at his watch,it implies he is bored.If two friends are leaning their heads together,they are 4.probably(probable) writing notes to each other.

Some students are easy to be 5.(distract).Instead of looking at me,they spend all their time looking anywhere.Then again,some students prefer daydreaming.

6.with their chins on their hands,they occupy 7.themselves(them) by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.In these cases,they should be reminded to concentrate.

Distinguishing when students are troubled is much 8.___harder_______  (hard).If students have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs 9.closed (close) or crossed,it shows they are angry,afraid,or experiencing anxiety.

Finally,it is my duty to help every student to learn and I adjust class 10.activities(activity) according to their body language.In my opinion,reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.

Unit 5 Working the land

A Pioneer for All PeopleUse word formation to guess the meaning

造福全人类的先驱者

Yuan Longping, known asthe “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, heconsiders himself a farmer because he continually works the land in hisresearch. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions ofChinese farmers, to whom he has devotedhis life.

袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他不断地在田间耕作，进行科学研究。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。

Yuan Longping was bornin 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science ormedicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poorharvests and sometimes even had a serious shortageof food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agricultureand received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.

袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。

After graduating in1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longpingrealised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boostyields in the fields they had.How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could befound in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or morevarieties of a species. One characteristicof hybrids is that they usually attaina higher yield than conventionalcrops. However, whether it was possible to developa hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption then was thatit could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcameenormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabledfarmers to expand their output greatly.

1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平坚信，可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumptioninChina is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonsof rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but manyother countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Becauseof his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awardsboth in China and abroad.

据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估量的贡献。袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。

Given that Yuan’shybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan isstill very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrityor money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.

考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。

What impresses peoplemost about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfillhis dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, witheach ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeededin producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearlyone million square kilometres of saltyland in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping isstill young at heart and full of vision, andeveryone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.

袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想水稻高至高粱，稻穗大如扫帚，而每粒稻谷大如花生。他成功地种植出一种可以养活国内外更多人口的水稻。他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。

Chemical Versus Organic Farming

化学与有机农业的比较

Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in wide spread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found isthat their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples’ health.自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中得到了广泛的应用。刚开始使用的时候，很多农民都很欢迎，认为这是防治作物病害和提高产量的好办法。但随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stayin the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans whodigest them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful onthe outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中停留很长时间，这会影响到土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化这些作物的动物和人类。很多人担心这些化学物质会让他们生病，甚至致癌。事实上，一些杀虫剂，如DDT，由于对人和环境的破坏，大多数国家已经禁止使用。至于化肥，使用化肥种植的农作物通常生长过快，营养不丰富。但里面通常含有更多的水分而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道往往也较差。

As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the localgrocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.作为一种选择，一些农户已经改用有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的简单耕作。有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。例如，许多有机农民使用动物的天然废物作为肥料。这使得他们田地里的土壤含有更丰富的矿物质。它还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学物质。 Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year,and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that used ifferent depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the grounds surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. Thegoal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to peoples health.有机农民还使用许多其他方法来培养肥沃的土壤。他们经常改变每年在每块田里种植的作物种类。例如，他们可能会在某块田里种植玉米或小麦，然后在第二年种植豆类。为什么要种植不同的农作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批农作物做好准备。有机耕种的农民还种植多样化的作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤的肥沃。例如，花生生长在地表，但许多其他蔬菜却把根扎得很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人们的健康造成损害。

Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.

有些人希望在农业中完全停止使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学农业服务于全世界对食物的高需求。有机农业远远不能满足这种需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，既能让餐桌上有足够的食物，又能让人们和环境尽可能地保持健康，还有很长的路要走。